FORMATION AND NORMALIZATION OF NEW TERMS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

Abstract

The article examines the ways of formation, structural types, and stages of normalization of new terms that emerged in the Kazakh language between 1991 and 2021. The research material includes field-specific terminological dictionaries, the database of approved terms, national corpus data, and texts from periodicals published during the period of independence. New terms are analyzed in terms of the internal word-formation potential of the language, semantic renewal, syntactic combination, compounding, suffixation, and hybridization with international elements. The quantitative and statistical analysis revealed that terms formed by suffixation account for 35.6%, semantic/lexical formation accounts for 32.7%, and terms formed through syntactic combination account for 15.3%. These data indicate that morphological and semantic methods play a leading role in the formation of new terms in the Kazakh language. In addition, the article describes the stages of term proposal, expert evaluation, approval, codification, and entry into usage, and substantiates the importance of teaching new terms within the education system. The results of the study are aimed at systematizing, unifying, and applying Kazakh terminology in teaching practice.