THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TERMS IN KAZAKH

Abstract

The article examines the conceptual fields, structural models, and issues of unification of biotechnology terms in modern Kazakh. The research material consists of 973 terms and 104 abbreviated names collected from Kazakh-language biotechnology textbooks, teaching aids, glossaries, and a trilingual dictionary. The terms were analyzed using the methods of terminological field analysis, structural-semantic analysis, word-formation analysis, and terminographic analysis. The results show that the terminological fund of biotechnology comprises such major fields as molecular-genetic biotechnology, genetic engineering, cellular and tissue biotechnology, immunobiotechnology, ecological biotechnology, and laboratory-technological methods. From a structural perspective, the study demonstrates that one-component and multi-component designations occur in approximately equal proportions, while international term elements, relational affixes of the Kazakh language, calquing, and hybrid models are used in parallel in term formation. Variant series found in teaching materials, such as jasusha/kletka, aqūyz/belok, antidene/antizat, and gendik injeneria/genetikalyq injeneria, demonstrate the need to unify specialized terms. The article proposes the principles of conceptual accuracy, systematicity, linguistic normativity, international compatibility, and terminographic completeness for the standardization of terms.